Antimicrobial, cytotoxic and genotoxic assessment of p-Cresol on different organism systems

Authors

1 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Egypt.

2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Egypt.

Abstract

Background and Aim: The antimicrobial activity of p-cresol against different bacterial, fungal and yeast strains which have medical and pharmacological importance, also the effects of this pollutant on Murine fibroblast-like L929 cells and leukemia HL-60 cell line were evaluated in this study. Materials and methods: Agar diffusion test was used to reveal the antimicrobial action of p-cresol, Cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 -diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Propidium iodide flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle. Genotoxicity and characterization of DNA damage on L929 cells was evaluated by alkaline comet assay, and then the change of expressions of the BCL-2 gene was detected by RT-PCR. Results: We found a broad spectrum of activity against clinically important bacterial, fungal and yeast strains. P-cresol also decreased the immortality of L929 cells with respect to concentration gradient. The apoptosis is a possible cause of the morphological alterations observed. The repression of growth of L292 and HL-60 cells by p-cresol was associated to stimulation of arresting S-phase cell cycle. There was higher % Tail DNA after treatment of p-cresol in a dose dependent manner leading to apoptosis, also the expression of BCL-2 mRNA decreased significantly. Conclusion: Knowledge the cytotoxic and genotexic effect of p-cresol may be useful in discovering treatment for patients with p-cresol intoxication.

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